Characteristics of Drug Resistance Mutations in a Korean HIV/AIDS Cohort, and Risk Factors for Resistance Acquisition in ART-Experienced Patients

We aimed to characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-resistance mutations among patients in Korea HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Cohort. Among 1,579 surveyed between December 2006 and December 2020, 148 had resistance mutations (64 ART-naïve and 84 ART-experienced). The most common mutations in ART-naïve patients were related to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (V179F/D/E/L; 50.0%), whereas those in ART-experienced were M184V/I (73.8%), conferring resistance to nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Multivariate logistic regression identified poor compliance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 18.780; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.883–187.300; P=0.012) and viral load ≥1-100,000 copies/mL at ART initiation (aOR, 3.117; 95% CI, 1.160–8.374; P=0.024) as being associated with resistance mutations.