Cardiac self-efficacy and its predictors in patients with coronary artery diseases

Aims and objectives: To investigate cardiac self-efficacy and its predictors among patients with coronary artery diseases. Background: Patients with coronary artery diseases must perform the health behaviour to prevent recurrent cardiac events. It has been already well known that self-efficacy is a vital factor in both initiating and maintaining health behaviours. Design: Descriptive correlational and cross-sectional survey design. Methods: Subjects were interviewed using structured study questionnaires. The data collected were statistically analysed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including the t-test, anova, Tukey's test, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis to determine the predictors of cardiac self-efficacy. Results: A convenience sample of 214 patients with coronary artery diseases was included. The mean age of subjects was 60·71 ± 10·07 years, and three-fourths were men. The overall model significantly explained 15·8% of variance in cardiac self-efficacy. Among predictors, occupation, diagnosis, body mass index, experience of receiving patient education and awareness of risk factors had statistically significant influences on cardiac self-efficacy. Conclusions: Rather than disease knowledge, factors related to subject's perception were more likely to associate with cardiac self-efficacy. These findings might provide a theoretical basis to develop nursing interventions for enhancing cardiac self-efficacy of patients with coronary artery diseases. Relevance to clinical practice: Clinical nurses taking care of patients with coronary artery diseases should consider the patients' perception on their coronary artery diseases including experience of receiving patient education, and awareness of risk factors in encouraging the cardiac self-efficacy to promote the health behaviours for the secondary prevention of coronary artery diseases.