Association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and survival following ischemic heart disease

Jongmin Oh; Sangbum Choi; Changwoo Han; Dong Wook Lee; Eunhee Ha; Soontae Kim; Hyun Joo Bae; Wook Bum Pyun; Yun Chul Hong; Youn Hee Lim

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114440

Association of long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and survival following ischemic heart disease

Jongmin Oh, Sangbum Choi, Changwoo Han, Dong Wook Lee, Eunhee Ha, Soontae Kim, Hyun Joo Bae, Wook Bum Pyun, Yun Chul Hong, Youn Hee Lim

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have suggested that long-term exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM_2.5) may cause cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, susceptibility among those with a history of ischemic heart disease is less clearly understood. We aimed to evaluate whether long-term PM_2.5 exposure is related to mortality among patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: We followed up 306,418 patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease in seven major cities in South Korea between 2008 and 2016 using the National Health Insurance Database. We linked the modeled PM_2.5 data corresponding to each patient's administrative districts and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of cause-specific mortality associated with the long-term exposure to PM_2.5 in time-varying Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for individual- and area-level characteristics. We also estimated HRs by sex, age group (65–74 vs. ≥75 years), and household income. Results: Of the patients with ischemic heart disease, mean age at the discharge was 76.8 years, and 105,913 died during a mean follow-up duration of 21.4 months. The HR of all-cause mortality was 1.10 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07, 1.14] per 10 μg/m³ increase in a 12-month moving average PM_2.5. The HRs of cardiovascular, stroke, and ischemic heart disease were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.24), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.30), and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.35), respectively. The subgroup analyses showed that participants aged 65–74 years were more susceptible to adverse effects of PM_2.5 exposure. We did not observe any differences in the risk by sex and household income. Conclusion: Mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease following hospitalization due to ischemic heart disease was higher among individuals with greater PM_2.5 exposure in seven major cities in South Korea. The result supports the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with poor prognosis among patients with ischemic heart disease.

Original language	English
Article number	114440
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	216
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114440
State	Published - 1 Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Strategic Project-Fine Particle of the National Research Foundation of Korea , funded by the Ministry of Science, Information, Communications, and Technology, the Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (grant numbers 2017M3D8A1092008 and 2017M3D8A1092009 ), and the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute through Digital Infrastructure Building Project for Monitoring Surveying and Evaluating the Environmental Health funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (NTIS 1485017934 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors

Keywords

Cohort studies
Ischemic heart disease
Mortality
Particulate matter
Survival analysis

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10.1016/j.envres.2022.114440

Cite this

@article{7d12499ed3734221b25465e03f835303,

title = "Association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and survival following ischemic heart disease",

abstract = "Background: Numerous studies have suggested that long-term exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) may cause cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, susceptibility among those with a history of ischemic heart disease is less clearly understood. We aimed to evaluate whether long-term PM2.5 exposure is related to mortality among patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: We followed up 306,418 patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease in seven major cities in South Korea between 2008 and 2016 using the National Health Insurance Database. We linked the modeled PM2.5 data corresponding to each patient's administrative districts and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of cause-specific mortality associated with the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in time-varying Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for individual- and area-level characteristics. We also estimated HRs by sex, age group (65–74 vs. ≥75 years), and household income. Results: Of the patients with ischemic heart disease, mean age at the discharge was 76.8 years, and 105,913 died during a mean follow-up duration of 21.4 months. The HR of all-cause mortality was 1.10 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07, 1.14] per 10 μg/m3 increase in a 12-month moving average PM2.5. The HRs of cardiovascular, stroke, and ischemic heart disease were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.24), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.30), and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.35), respectively. The subgroup analyses showed that participants aged 65–74 years were more susceptible to adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure. We did not observe any differences in the risk by sex and household income. Conclusion: Mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease following hospitalization due to ischemic heart disease was higher among individuals with greater PM2.5 exposure in seven major cities in South Korea. The result supports the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with poor prognosis among patients with ischemic heart disease.",

keywords = "Cohort studies, Ischemic heart disease, Mortality, Particulate matter, Survival analysis",

author = "Jongmin Oh and Sangbum Choi and Changwoo Han and Lee, {Dong Wook} and Eunhee Ha and Soontae Kim and Bae, {Hyun Joo} and Pyun, {Wook Bum} and Hong, {Yun Chul} and Lim, {Youn Hee}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the National Strategic Project-Fine Particle of the National Research Foundation of Korea , funded by the Ministry of Science, Information, Communications, and Technology, the Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (grant numbers 2017M3D8A1092008 and 2017M3D8A1092009 ), and the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute through Digital Infrastructure Building Project for Monitoring Surveying and Evaluating the Environmental Health funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (NTIS 1485017934 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2022.114440",

language = "English",

volume = "216",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and survival following ischemic heart disease

AU - Oh, Jongmin

AU - Choi, Sangbum

AU - Han, Changwoo

AU - Lee, Dong Wook

AU - Ha, Eunhee

AU - Kim, Soontae

AU - Bae, Hyun Joo

AU - Pyun, Wook Bum

AU - Hong, Yun Chul

AU - Lim, Youn Hee

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by the National Strategic Project-Fine Particle of the National Research Foundation of Korea , funded by the Ministry of Science, Information, Communications, and Technology, the Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (grant numbers 2017M3D8A1092008 and 2017M3D8A1092009 ), and the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute through Digital Infrastructure Building Project for Monitoring Surveying and Evaluating the Environmental Health funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (NTIS 1485017934 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors

PY - 2023/1/1

Y1 - 2023/1/1

N2 - Background: Numerous studies have suggested that long-term exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) may cause cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, susceptibility among those with a history of ischemic heart disease is less clearly understood. We aimed to evaluate whether long-term PM2.5 exposure is related to mortality among patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: We followed up 306,418 patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease in seven major cities in South Korea between 2008 and 2016 using the National Health Insurance Database. We linked the modeled PM2.5 data corresponding to each patient's administrative districts and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of cause-specific mortality associated with the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in time-varying Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for individual- and area-level characteristics. We also estimated HRs by sex, age group (65–74 vs. ≥75 years), and household income. Results: Of the patients with ischemic heart disease, mean age at the discharge was 76.8 years, and 105,913 died during a mean follow-up duration of 21.4 months. The HR of all-cause mortality was 1.10 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07, 1.14] per 10 μg/m3 increase in a 12-month moving average PM2.5. The HRs of cardiovascular, stroke, and ischemic heart disease were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.24), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.30), and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.35), respectively. The subgroup analyses showed that participants aged 65–74 years were more susceptible to adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure. We did not observe any differences in the risk by sex and household income. Conclusion: Mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease following hospitalization due to ischemic heart disease was higher among individuals with greater PM2.5 exposure in seven major cities in South Korea. The result supports the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with poor prognosis among patients with ischemic heart disease.

AB - Background: Numerous studies have suggested that long-term exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) may cause cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, susceptibility among those with a history of ischemic heart disease is less clearly understood. We aimed to evaluate whether long-term PM2.5 exposure is related to mortality among patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: We followed up 306,418 patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease in seven major cities in South Korea between 2008 and 2016 using the National Health Insurance Database. We linked the modeled PM2.5 data corresponding to each patient's administrative districts and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of cause-specific mortality associated with the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in time-varying Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for individual- and area-level characteristics. We also estimated HRs by sex, age group (65–74 vs. ≥75 years), and household income. Results: Of the patients with ischemic heart disease, mean age at the discharge was 76.8 years, and 105,913 died during a mean follow-up duration of 21.4 months. The HR of all-cause mortality was 1.10 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07, 1.14] per 10 μg/m3 increase in a 12-month moving average PM2.5. The HRs of cardiovascular, stroke, and ischemic heart disease were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.24), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.30), and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.35), respectively. The subgroup analyses showed that participants aged 65–74 years were more susceptible to adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure. We did not observe any differences in the risk by sex and household income. Conclusion: Mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease following hospitalization due to ischemic heart disease was higher among individuals with greater PM2.5 exposure in seven major cities in South Korea. The result supports the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with poor prognosis among patients with ischemic heart disease.

KW - Cohort studies

KW - Ischemic heart disease

KW - Mortality

KW - Particulate matter

KW - Survival analysis

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U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114440

DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114440

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SN - 0013-9351

VL - 216

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

M1 - 114440

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