Anti-inflammatory effect of ginsenoside Rg5 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells

Yu Young Lee, Jin Sun Park, Ji Sun Jung, Dong Hyun Kim, Hee Sun Kim

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

82 Scopus citations

Abstract

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system. They play a role in normal brain development and neuronal recovery. However, overactivation of microglia causes neuronal death, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, controlling microglial activation has been suggested as an important target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of ginsenoside Rg5 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and rat primary microglia. The data showed that Rg5 suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory TNF-a secretion. In addition, Rg5 inhibited the mRNA expressions of iNOS, TNF-a, IL-1p, COX-2 and MMP-9 induced by LPS. Further mechanistic studies revealed that Rg5 inhibited the phophorylations of PI3K/Akt and MAPKs and the DNA binding activities of NF-kB and AP-1, which are upstream molecules controlling inflammatory reactions. Moreover, Rg5 suppressed ROS production with upregulation of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Overall, microglial inactivation by ginsenoside Rg5 may provide a therapeutic potential for various neuroinflammatory disorders.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)9820-9833
Number of pages14
JournalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume14
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2013

Keywords

  • Cytokine
  • Ginsenoside Rg5
  • Microglia
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Signaling pathway
  • iNOS

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