Ablation of peroxiredoxin II attenuates experimental colitis by increasing FoxO1-induced Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells

Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II is an intracellular antioxidant moleculethat eliminates hydrogen peroxide, employing a high substratebinding affinity. PrxII deficiency increases the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in many types of cells, which may increase reactive oxygen species-mediated inflammation. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of PrxII knockout (KO) mice to experimentally induced colitis and the effects of PrxII on the immune system. Wild-type mice displayed pronounced weight loss, high mortality, and colon shortening after dextran sulfate sodium administration, whereas colonic inflammation was significantly attenuated in PrxII KO mice. Although macrophages were hyperactivated in PrxII KO mice, the amount of IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by CD4⁺ T cells was substantially reduced. Foxp3⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells were elevated, andFoxp3proteinexpressionwasincreasedintheabsence of PrxII in vitro and in vivo. Restoration of PrxII into KO cells suppressed the increased Foxp3 expression. Interestingly, endogenous PrxII was inactivated through hyperoxidation during Treg cell development. Furthermore, PrxII deficiency stabilized FoxO1 expression by reducing mouse double minute 2 homolog expression and subsequently activated FoxO1-mediated Foxp3 gene transcription. PrxII overexpression, in contrast, reduced FoxO1 and Foxp3 expression. More interestingly, adoptive transfer of naive CD4⁺ T cells from PrxII KO mice into immune-deficient mice attenuated T cell-induced colitis, witha reduction in mouse double minute 2 homolog expression and an increase in FoxO1 and Foxp3 expression. These results suggest that inactivation of PrxII is important for the stability of FoxO1 protein, which subsequently mediates Foxp3⁺ Treg cell development, thereby attenuating colonic inflammation.