Abstract
Osteoclast cells (OCs) are differentiated from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) by activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Activation of NADPH oxidase (Nox) isozymes is involved in RANKL-dependent OC differentiation, implicating Nox isozymes as therapeutic targets for treatment of osteoporosis. Here, we show that a novel pyrazole derivative, Ewha-18278 has high inhibitory potency on Nox isozymes. Blocking the activity of Nox with Ewha-18278 inhibited the responses of BMMs to RANKL, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and NF-κB, and OC differentiation. To evaluate the anti-osteoporotic function of Ewha-18278, the derivative was applied to estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) ddY mice. Oral administration of Ewha-18278 (10 mg/kg/daily, 4 weeks) into the mice recovered bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone length, number and thickness, compared to control OVX ddY mice. Moreover, treatment of OVX ddY mice with Ewha-18278 increased bone strength by increasing cortical bone thickness. We provide that Ewha-18278 displayed Nox inhibition and blocked the RANKL-dependent cell signaling cascade leading to reduced differentiation of OCs. Our results implicate Ewha-18278 as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 22389 |
Journal | Scientific Reports |
Volume | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 15 Mar 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (No. 2012R1A5A1048236, No. 2013R1A2A1A05005153, and No.2011-0028885), and by Redoxomics grant (No. 2012M3A9C5048708) funded by NRF/MEST, and by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (No. HI14C0223 and HI15C2800). We thank Professors Jaesang Kim for reading the manuscript. The rights for Ewha-18278 were transferred to AptaBio Co. (Suwon, Korea), and the compound is now referred to as APX-115.