A novel pan-Nox inhibitor, APX-115, protects kidney injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: Possible role of peroxisomal and mitochondrial biogenesis

Guideock Kwon, Md Jamal Uddin, Gayoung Lee, Songling Jiang, Ahreum Cho, Jung Hwa Lee, Sae Rom Lee, Yun Soo Bae, Sung Hwan Moon, Soo Jin Lee, Dae Ryong Cha, Hunjoo Ha

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

37 Scopus citations

Abstract

NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as a key factor in inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic kidney disease. APX-115 (3-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-propyl-1-5- hydroxypyrazol HCl) is a novel orally active pan-Nox inhibitor. The objective of this study was to compare the protective effect of APX-115 with a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (losartan), the standard treatment against kidney injury in diabetic patients, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney injury. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days in C57BL/6J mice. APX-115 (60 mg/kg/day) or losartan (1.5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to diabetic mice for 12 weeks. APX-115 effectively prevented kidney injury such as albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, tubular injury, podocyte injury, fibrosis, and inflammation as well as oxidative stress in diabetic mice, similar to losartan. In addition, both APX-115 and losartan treatment effectively inhibited mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction associated with lipid accumulation. Our data suggest that APX-115, a pan-Nox inhibitor, may become a novel therapeutic agent against diabetic kidney disease by maintaining peroxisomal and mitochondrial fitness.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)74217-74232
Number of pages16
JournalOncotarget
Volume8
Issue number43
DOIs
StatePublished - 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is supported by the grants from Korea Health Technology R&D project through Korea Health Industry Development Institute (No. HI14C0223), National Research Foundation (No. 2016R1A2B4006575) and Korean Research Fellowship program (No. 2015H1D3A1062189), Republic of Korea.

Publisher Copyright:
© Kwon et al.

Keywords

  • APX-115
  • Diabetic kidney disease
  • Mitochondria and peroxisome
  • Oxidative stress
  • pan-Nox inhibitor

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