A meta-analytic review of empirical research on online information privacy concerns: Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators

IS researchers have studied online information privacy concerns for decades. However, prior research has produced a sub-optimal contribution to knowledge because findings are rather inconsistent and inconclusive. To address this issue, this research uses metaanalysis methods to analyze cumulative effects of the relationships between online information privacy concern and its theoretically-associated constructs. Our analysis of 89 empirical studies suggests that information privacy concerns have been most frequently tested with such constructs as user experience, awareness/knowledge, usefulness, privacy control, privacy risk, willingness to transact, willingness to provide personal information, trust, and attitude. We find that while most of these bivariate relationships are significant, their effect size varies. We also find that measure instrument, sample characteristics, and culture significantly moderate several relationships. We will use meta-analytic structural equation modeling techniques to delve deeper into the most frequently tested constructs.