A magnesiothermic route to multicomponent nanocomposites of FeSi ₂@Si@graphene and FeSi₂@Si with promising anode performance

The multicomponent nanocomposites of FeSi₂@Si@graphene and FeSi₂@Si are synthesized via the magnesiothermic reduction of core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles with/without graphene oxide shell. In the course of the magnesiothermic reaction, the SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ components in the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core-shell particles are transformed into elemental Si and FeSi₂, respectively. The formation of intimately-coupled composite structure consisting of Si and FeSi₂ domains as well as the coating of graphene layer is verified by high resolution-transmission electron microscopy. Both the nanocomposites of FeSi₂@Si@graphene and FeSi₂@Si show promising anode performance for lithium ion batteries, indicating a beneficial role of the electrochemically inactive FeSi₂ domains in alleviating the drastic expansion/contraction of elemental Si during the electrochemical cycling. The better cyclability and rate characteristic are obtained for the FeSi ₂@Si@graphene nanocomposite than for the graphene-free FeSi ₂@Si one, which is attributable to the depression of pulverization and the enhancement of electrical conductivity upon the coating of graphene layer. The present work highlights that the magnesiothermic reaction provides a powerful synthetic route to multicomponent Si-based nanocomposites with tailored composition and complex geometry.