A low voltage single cell electroporation array

To introduce otherwise impermeable compounds such as dyes, drugs, or DNA into cells, we present a single cell electroporation array chip for intracellular delivery. This platform can selectively trap targeted cells and focus the electric field for: reversible electroporation (in which the pores reseal), intracellular perfusion, and cell fusion. Our design enables us to trap cells effectively and to apply a low voltage (<1V) to create a large potential drop (~750 V/cm) across the cell membrane. In response to this transmembrane potential, dielectric breakdown of the membrane is achieved and the phospholipids can rearrange to create transient pores. These pores allow compounds to be delivered via integrated capillary channels into the cell. Alternatively, during this membrane rearrangement period, cells can also be fused with each other or with pre-loaded vesicles for volume controlled intracellular delivery.