钢结构桥梁抗火研究综述

Steel structural bridge girders have a variety of structural types and wide application in bridge construction worldwide. The aim of this review is: ① to promote the comprehensive development of fire-resistance and hazard prevention in steel structural bridge girders in China; ② to accelerate research on the techniques of fire-resistance and hazard prevention of steel structural bridge girders; ③ to improve the ability of steel structural bridge girders to resist fire hazards; and ④ to promote emergency administration levels in the management department. The research status and the problems to be solved to improve fire resistance and hazard prevention of steel structural bridge girders are summarized. The characteristics of fire occurrence are analyzed, and the fire exposure scenarios for steel structural bridge girders and failure modes after fire are examined, with an emphasis on the severe threat of oil-tanker-truck fire exposure on steel structural bridge girders. The key techniques of fire resistance and hazard prevention in steel structural bridge girders are analyzed. Thereafter, the problems associated with fire resistance in steel structural bridge girders are studied, namely: high-temperature properties of material used for steel structural bridge girders, heat transfer mechanism of steel structural bridge girders under complex circumstance, slip mechanism between interfaces composed of different materials in steel structural bridge girders, intelligent numerical simulation and intelligent prediction technology for fire behavior of steel structural bridge girders, measurement and test methods for scale models of steel structural bridge girders during the process of fire exposure, mechanical behavior of steel structural bridge girders under high temperature, as well as engineering applications. Finally, problems to be solved for fire-resistant research and new designs of steel structural bridge girders were proposed. A new perspective and basic information for academic research on fire resistance and hazard prevention of steel structural bridge girders is expected.